KIVO Med
Congenital malformations: causes, examples, and prenatal diagnosis
Understand how congenital malformations arise, recognize their major categories, and learn how they can be detected before birth.
- 44 explained questions
- 39 flashcards
- 152 estimated course minutes
Updated
What you will learn
- Define a congenital malformation and distinguish being congenital from being hereditary.
- Classify genetic and environmental causes by mechanism and timing of exposure.
- Recognize major chromosomal, neurological, cardiac, visceral, genital, and limb malformations.
- Compare non-invasive, invasive, and preimplantation prenatal diagnostic methods.
Course outline
Definition: when development deviates
An overview of congenital malformations, their origins, and how they can be detected before birth.
7 min
Definition and frequency of congenital malformations
Define a congenital abnormality and place known and unknown causes in context.
10 min
Genetic causes: mutations and inheritance
Understand DNA changes and the main inheritance patterns.
12 min
Chromosomal aberrations
Distinguish chromosomal abnormalities of structure from those of number.
10 min
Maternal factors and timing of the insult
Relate maternal health and exposure timing to the severity of the abnormality.
10 min
Infectious and physical agents
Identify infections and physical exposures that can disturb development.
13 min
Drugs, toxins, mechanical constraints, and combined causes
Relate each exposure category to its characteristic consequences.
15 min
Chromosomal examples: trisomy 21, Turner, and Klinefelter
Recognize three chromosomal syndromes and their main illustrated features.
13 min
Neurological, cardiac, and facial malformations
Relate neural-tube, heart, and facial abnormalities to their clinical illustrations.
13 min
Digestive and urinary malformations
Read the main illustrated abnormalities of the esophagus and kidneys.
11 min
Genital and limb malformations
Recognize uterine variants, testicular abnormalities, and limb defects.
16 min
Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis
Know the roles of ultrasound, fetal MRI, and serum markers.
10 min
Invasive and preimplantation diagnosis
Distinguish invasive sampling from genetic testing before embryo transfer.
12 min
Study and practise with KIVO Med
This preview shows the available content. Full courses, explanations and flashcards are available in the app with an account and access to the relevant programme. Prices and access terms are shown there.
Educational resources for medical studies; they do not replace your faculty’s teaching or medical advice.
In the same subject
Foundations of embryology
Place human development in time while mastering embryological vocabulary and the principles of meiosis.
Mitosis and meiosis
Two cell-division programmes: preservation of the diploid genome by mitosis, then reduction, recombination, and gamete production by meiosis.
Oogenesis and folliculogenesis
Follow the origin, chronology, meiotic divisions, follicular maturation, and regulation of the female germ line.
Spermatogenesis: the male germ line
Describe sperm production, maturation, kinetics and endocrine regulation.